Situs Kajian Sociocyber

Inilah bagian kecil dari pembelajaran ini. Berkali-kali aku merasa ditampar di HKG. Alih-alih merasa bahwa menjadi peneliti adalah sebuah prestasi, sebuah pencapaian, aku jadi berpikir bahwa menggeluti profesi ini (dan apa pun sebenarnya, aku kira)rasanya percuma buatku jika terus-terusan berjarak dengan realitas, asyik dengan diri sendiri, dan tidak bisa berbuat banyak untuk orang lain. Terima kasih untuk sudah mengajariku banyak hal, kawan-kawan...

Kutipan-kutipan wawancara waktu penelitian dengan beberapa orang berikut adalah ungkapan simpati dan empatiku pada perjuangan dan pengabdian kawan-kawan. Sementara itu, biarkan dulu aku mencari jalan bagaimana penelitianku (yang mana pun) tidak sekadar teronggok jadi laporan, bacaan, dan bahasan di menara gading.
Selamat hari buruh...


”Untuk mengeskpresikan diri. Apa ya...gak tahu...karena misalnya kalau orang bilang bahwa menulis itu aku perlu belajar bener-bener supaya bisa jadi sesuatu. Aku paling benci kalau diajak bicara soal gimana caranya agar tulisanku bisa dibaca orang, perlu belajar ilmu bahasa atau apa. Aku ga suka. Tapi itu sebagian dari pemikiranku.

Yang aku ga suka ketika baca tulisan orang, dia berpendapat apa dari teorinya ini, ada referensi yang dia sebutkan, bla,bla,bla.... Pada akhirnya dia lupa, opini dia itu yang bener yang mana. Yang sebener-sebenernya punya dia itu yang mana. Gak kecantum kadang. Dia ribet sama ngomongin ilmu yang dia punya, gitu kan? Karena ketika dia berpendapat seperti itu, dia sependapat dengan teori-teori itu, tapi dia tidak memunculkan yang baru. Dia ga ngomongin yang baru. Sesuatu yang dia ambil dari kejadian-kejadian itu, ok dia ambil dari referensi itu, ga masalah, tapi yang baru itu gini lho. Ini lho. Susah banget cari yang kayak gitu apalagi yang di Indo. Mungkin malas, ya. Karena kadang aku baca artikel yang di sini, pake bahasa Inggris yang ga paham-paham juga, jarang sekali ada yang pake referensi dari buku apa, buku apa, cuma dari artikel ini, begini. Cuma sesudah itu dia punya pendapat sendiri. Punya sesuatu yang dia ’tep’ gitu. Dan beda.” (BMI, Perempuan, Penulis)


”Terus waktu itu dia menjelaskan bahwa sampeyan punya tema tentang lompatan digital. Terus aku ngomong, T,[menyebut nama] jadi yang namanya mbak Yati itu  bekalnya ke Hong Kong itu udah menganggap BMI rendah banget, ya.... Terus di mana-mana kita masih dianggap semacam itu, ya T[nama yang sama], topeng monyet, ya.... Kayak waktu kita meluncurin buku, orang kan ga mau melirik mutu tulisan kita, gitu.... Tapi mereka melihat aneh bahwa babu bisa nulis, babu bisa menghasilkan karya, gitu loh.... Padahal kalau kita mau jujur selama ini kalau kita membaca di koran, ada penulis baru, kita tidak melihat profesi dia...kerjaanya apa. Ooo..tukang becak, tukang batu. Tapi kan kita membaca karyanya. Ooo...karyanya bagus. Tapi kenapa ketika BMI orang selalu menganggap bahwa itu hal yang aneh. Langsung respons ke sana, gitu loh...terus, aku malah jawab, ’ogah ah’. Ogah. karena apa..berarti..dia udah berpedoman awal bahwa dia udah ngeremehin yang namanya pembantu. Aku ga simpati dengan hal-hal seperti itu. Mati-matian aku selalu membela bahwa BMI itu manusia yang kedudukannya sama. Kalau pembantu itu kan cuma profesi, pekerjaan. Ya terserahlah kalau gitu...gitu ya...itu sebenarnya cuma pelepasan yang spontan ya ketika diwawancarai kayak gitu, gitu loh...Terus...tapi aku pikir-pikir juga, ya sebenarnya kalau untuk ukuran di Indonesia mungkin memang hal yang aneh, gitu ya...Tapi kalau untuk di Hong Kong mungkin kita bisa internet, pembantu, tukang sampah itu udah biasa karena pendidikan mereka sejak kecil, SD paling ga, ya udah seperti itu, gitu loh.... Aku akhirnya menyadari juga, sih.” (BMI, Perempuan, Sastrawan)


“Aku cuman lulusan SD. Lagian aku nunjukkin sertifikat itu, D3 buat apa. Toh di Indonesia aku cuman lulusan SD yang penting aku tahu.

Percaya, ga....aku ini hanya seorang babu. Temenku mengira aku adalah seorang accounting, di Jakarta. Dia kan kerjanya di lapangan. Ketika si bosnya pengen ada peluang besar untuk naik jabatan, dia ngikut. Tapi dia harus melalui tes excel-nya itu. Nah ketika dia tidak bisa mengerjakan rumusnya itu, dia nanya ke saya. Saya bilang, kamu itu kerja di mana, kenapa ga bisa ngerjain kayak gitu? Bukan kayak gitu, Non. Aku kan biasanya kerjanya di lapangan, kalau soal-soal kayak gini kan aku tidak terbiasa. Demi karena jabatan tinggi, demi gaji yang lebih besar, aku terpaksa harus melalui tes ini. Aku hanya ingin tahu rumusnya saja itu gimana? Terus kebetulan komputerku baru recovery, ga ada microsof-nya terus terang aku angkat tangan ya, karena komputerku ga ada itunya, andaikan ada nanti tak bantu. Tapi kamu tahu, ga, kamu nanya itu aku itu siapa? Aku itu hanya seorang babu di sini. Ah kamu tuh boong kamu kan kerjanya di accounting Jakarta, kan? Aku ini hanya seorang TKW. Kamu nanya kayak gitu apa kamu ga malu, aku bilang gitu. Ah, pokoknya kasih tahu cepetan, katanya. Hehe...dikiranya itu loh...Mungkin setiap kali ada pertanyaan-pertanyaan, aku jawabnya selalu ’ o iya bener-bener...he-eh-he-eh....Nah ketika excel dia bener-bener ga tahu, dia nanyak sama aku. Kamu ga salah, aku bilang, nanya kayak gitu sama aku? Ga malu?”

”Iya, aku pengennya begitu. Biar mereka itu sadar gitu lho. Mereka sekolah tinggi-tinggi, merasa bangga sekali, tapi kosong. Apa yang mereka lakukan untuk daerah mereka? Apa yang mereka lakukan gitu lho? Mereka selalu membanggakan diri, jadi orang kaya, jadi orang pinter, terpelajar. Pokoknya mereka pegang semua derajat-derajat itu. Tapi apa buktinya, gitu lho. Cuma membanggakan diri aja, tapi ga ada yang ditunjukkan di depan umum. Yang ditunjukkan untuk daerah dia sendiri, gitu lho. Jadi ketika dia melihat cilacaponline itu, dia dukung, dukung, dukung, tapi ketika dia tahu....Oiya, TKW, ya...(tertawa tertahan). ” (BMI, Perempuan, Pemilik sebuah Portal Daerah, dan Penyiar Radio Online)


”Aku bener ga tahu...terus ada satu hal yang lucu lagi. Dia ngomongin tentang sastra..dia mungkin mikirnya, saya sering nulis, artikel saya ada dimuat di sinilah..di majalah...dia mikirnya mungkin aku tahu sastra. Aku bilang aku ga tahu sastra. Tapi dia bilang, dia ngeyel, dia bilang kamu pasti tahu sastra orang aku aja tahu, kok masak kamu ga tahu.... Terus terkahir dia bilang dia tahu banget sastra. Terus aku tanyain tentang AA Navis. Dia sama sekali ga tahu siapa itu AA Navis, apa itu judul-judul cerpennya, dia ga tahu. Dari awal dia udah bilang, aku ini orang sastra. Udah ngibul dulu. Aku orang sastra, aku ngerti sastra ini, ini, ini...dan aku dari jurusan Bahasa Inggris. Aku gini, gini, gini...kenyataannya itu lho...ga ada...ga ada nyatanya.” (BMI, Perempuan, Penulis)



”Bukan tidak peka. Peka itu kan masalah yang kamu kalau tidak mampu.... Kan mereka ini sudah konkret tidak mau merespons gitu loh isu-isu yang memang menjadi kebutuhan, kan gitu.  Jadi kalau kristalisasi itu lahir, ya akhirnya lahir karena memang saking ini kita, ya karena dituntut, dijak ngobrol juga gak memberi solusi. Dijak demo juga gak mau memberi solusi, lalu apa yang bisa dilakukan untuk membuat mereka berubah, kan gitu. Lek dari aspek kita bayangin, apa yang kita tuntut, ok mereka mau merespons kan bukan hal yang sulit? Tapi kan masalah keberpihakan, itu yang tidak bisa kita pecahkan karena itu kan konkret. Keberpihakan pemerintah itu pada swasta. Tidak hanya di dalam negeri, di luar negeri kentara sekali. Jadi kalau itu menjadi aspek mengerucut ke kristalisasi bahkan ke kontradiksi yang paling keras sekalipun, sampe propaganda sampe media dsb, itu lahir karena kenyataan gitu lho. Karena kontradiksi itu tidak bisa dihindari. Bedanya adalah, kayak di negara lain, kan, ketika pergerakannya tidak menguat, dan tidak dibimbing oleh organisasi progresif, akan menjadi loose. Ketidakperdulian pemerintah menjadi samar-samar, gak kentara. Tetapi seperti di HKG ketika organisasinya kuat, analisanya tajam, yo kan, mampu membedah secara dalam, mereka gak bisa lari. Dan ketika gak bisa lari, mereka tidak mau merespons juga. Ya mereka cuma bisa berdiri di tempat sama ignore, ya. Kenapa itu perseteruannya jadi meruncing. Itu kurasa, aku perjelas, bukan lahir dari kita. Itu lahir karena mereka tidak mau menyelesaikan persoalan.” (BMI, Perempuan, Aktivis Gerakan Buruh)

”Bukan good will. Memahaminya gini, kita gak.... Saya harus mengkritik ini. Ini penyakitnya intelektual. Dia selalu menganggap hal yang khusus itu menjadi hal yang pokok. Yang pokok itu di khusus. Yang selalu didahulukan hal yang khusus. Hal yang khusus itu apa? Ini adalah ketika mereka terlalu banyak bermain di tingkatan MoU antara negara pengirim dan negara penerima. Kalau mereka bermain dalam kerangka ini, perspektif yang dipake itu, itu antara negara pemilik modal sama negara buruh. Artinya HKG sebagai pemilik modal, Indonesia sebagai buruh. Lha, ngejar-ngejar,  cari kerja, kan? Sehingga dalam kondisi apapun pasti diterima. Maka dari itu bargaining positionnya lemah. Padahal yang harusnya dilihat....Jadi sebenernya ngaco, mereka itu butuh tenaga kerja, orang kan...Kalau kau butuh tenaga kerja murah, gitu kan, atau butuh tenaga kerjalah, logika yang ada kan berarti kau harus nurut, nyari kan? Ini udah ketemu nih, Indonesia. Nah, cara berpikir merekanya ini terutama pemerintahan-pemerintah, ya...ini mereka dagang. Jadi mereka itu kompetisi antara masing-masing negara pengirim ini. Lomba jual-jualan buruh yang paling murah. Semurah-murahnya. Karena dagang. Serius. Dagang ini. Udah bukan perspektif soal ini penciptaan lapangan pekerjaan..alah itu mah bahasa paper,  membuka lapangan pekerjaan, membuka kemungkinan alih teknologi, apalah gitu-gitu. Itu gak ada sama sekali. Buktinya apa. Wong yang mereka kirim itu semua kalau masuk negara penerima kayak HKG itu dikategorikan unskilled labor. Orang dibayar cuma buat dipake tenaganya semua. Itu kondisinya. Miris memang. Dan training mereka di penampungan itu, itu mereka dikondisikan kayak gitu. Kau jangan melawan majikan, gini, gini, gini....jangan protes. Itu sampai begitu. Jadi para pemerintah negara pengirim ini pengen jadi pahlawan kesiangan. Mereka gagal melakukan pembangunan di dalam negeri, di tingkatan propinsi, di tingkatan daerah, gitu ya..nah tuntutan lapangan pekerjaan untuk rakyat ini dijawabnya dengan mengirim, kalau gak boleh dibilang menjual, warga negaranya ke luar negeri. Namun sebenernya yang terjadi di situ adalah dalam kerangka Labor Flexibility Market. Karena sekarang buruh-buruh di Indonesia pada lagi ribut mempersoalkan sistem kerja kontrak dan outsourcing, nah kalau kamu mau lihat bentuk praktis dari sistem kerja seperti itu lihat buruh migran. Itu udah prakteknya. Jadi, saya ini ngelamar kerja ke PJTKI, PJTKI nanti menempatkan saya ke majikan saya. Sehingga nanti ketika majikannya protes, mereka ngomel-ngomelnya ke agen. Ketika ngomel-ngomelnya ke agen (saya bukan ngebelain majikan, ya majikan juga brengsek), agen bakal neken pekerja rumahtangganya. Karena mereka yang nyalurin, kan? Akhirnya apa? Timbul konsesi-konsesi antara majikan dan agen. Ya udahlah tenang aja tunggu sampe (ini juga dalam kerangka gak mau rugi agen juga) potongannya abis tujuh bulan abis itu kau terminate nanti saya kasih pekerja yang baru. Kau jangan bayarnya seginilah, segini aja. Kayak gitu. (Aktivis Buruh di NGO Regional di HKG, Laki-laki)


Depok, 2 Mei 2009
(Ditulis tepat sehari setelah laporan penelitian diserahkan, kemarin, May Day, 1 Mei 2009)

Introduction

This research is a part of University of Indonesia vision to be a research university, and a part to have a good relationship with other research centre or academic institution in national and international level . This vision is a part of the University of Indonesia mission to support its civitas academia, alumni, and its students to get global, tolerant and able to contribute to world civilization. The University of Indonesia is supporting the academic activities that lead to process its supporting system including the researcher to increase its academic ability. Especially this importance to the social sciences that has huge burden to catch up with the social process in Indonesia. The fast growth of information and communication technology  (ICT) has change how society think and connect to each other, but this fast growing social change is not yet seen as importance, especially if it is seen from social and cultural aspect. When people in Indonesia discuss the ICT, they become very technical and very enthusiastic to implement it and tend to forget about the people involved in it. Therefore, the University of Indonesia is highly regarded The Posco TJ Park foundation contribution to this research. Through this academic activity the University of Indonesia hope to have broader activities to widen our network to the Korean society.

This article is discussing three points, the first is a short description of the program internet for poverty reduction in Pabelan’s telecenter. The second is explanation of the Pabelan’s case to some scheme such as wired and unwired societies, and the network of local- national and global relationship. This description of the scheme is important to view the Pabelan as a part of larger challenge faced by the Indonesian society, especially people who lived in rural areas. Through this scheme, the team is hoping to map not only the challenge but also other important contribution to support the poverty eradication program. The third item is a discussion of the scheme by using lesson learned from Saemaul Undong which show the national network that work. It is not a comparative studies, but Indonesia at this present times needs to learn that national program could work and eradicate poverty.





The Telecenter in Pabelan.

Photo 1. Telecenter E-Pabelan
   

This article is discussing the program of ICT for poverty reduction using telecenter in Pabelan, Cetral Java. Pabelan itself is a pesantren – a religious school, this is a traditional education institution. The program is Partnership for E-Prosperity for the Poor (Pe-PP) as a part of Indonesia’s commitment to the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in Geneva (2003) and Tunis (2005). To build a society that is not only tune in to the world communication program but also to reduce the poverty is the main program and held by the  Bappenas or the National Planning Board of Indonesia. It is also a part of MDG’s (Millenium Development Goals) program that actively follows by the Indonesian. To improve the skills and knowledge of farmers and fishermen, especially those who are living in poverty, especially in terms of managing the production and distribution in farming and fishing.


Photo 2. Part of telecenter activities: Research by Farmers

In the PePP design the program is mean, first to increase the poor people’s revenue; secondly to increase the volume of farming production by the using of wider market and market information provided by the internet; thirdly to improve the human resources quality in villages through training and seminars, especially in information technology as well as English langguage training. This telecenter is one of six other and two still in preparation, and the Bappenas want to build up more. Other institution such as the Ministry for Comunication and Information also prepare a similar program. All of this program is going on instead of people’s understanding of the big gap in digital divide. Knowing all of this as a blue print, the research is trying to figure out what is happening in the village levels and what to expect for further planning.

The Pabelan is a rural community close to the Buddha’s temple of Borobudur, therefore it is not remote compare to other rural communities in Indonesia. to chose the Pabelan as a site is important to view the Pesantren as a centre of education for low class, rural people and people who chose their children to get thorough religious knowledge. The pesantren is important   development hub and for centuries has proved its support to eradicate poverty in traditional way. Because the Pabelan is an education institution it is a rational choice to implement the ICT due to human resource to support the program and to its students necessary knowledge to get in touch with the computer and the internet.
This program is targeting the rural areas in order to reduce the poverty. The people who is involved in the program is very persistent that the program will erase the poverty starting from the rural area. To this extent the research is rather seen the existing condition after several years of the program. The research is in the right time considering that the program has to leave the rural areas and the telecenter should be able to maintain his own activity.


Photo 3. Children playing games: enthusiast users at telecenter
   
From micro level, from the opinion and what is people learned about the Pabelan, it can be shown that how the telecenter change people. It is common knowledge that some people feel excluded by the program, because the computer is placed in a small house between the Pabelan pesantren and the rural community and Pabelan pesantren itself is unlike other educational institution, it doesn’t build fence around them. This strategy is actually to acknowledge people’s feeling of being excluded or included. From the start there is some different attitude of the national implementer and the local implementer. The local implementer who live in that area knows and assumed the difficulty to teach rural people to use internet, but the national implementer technically see the ICT as a proper media to make the rural community prosperous.

 
As the show must go on, the telecenter is using infomobilizer – a person to motivate and to teach the rural people., and they are using group strategy. The infomobilizer is making several groups and teach the group how to develop agriculture product using knowledge retrieve from the internet. The telecenter also gives small capital to start new agriculture product. For this group, the infomobilizer is able to teach them using the internet and get some information, but for other who don’t involve in this grouping the internet is a place to exclude. Some of the people who are not involved is just skeptic because there are so many grouping already in the village. They just confused and not giving much thought to it.


Some of the people in the group already able to decipher what  information is, from the internet and its limitation and also what they get from other media such as television and news paper. They are surprised and are developing their own inquiry using the internet. For other who already know the internet want to use it to get additional income and widen their economic base. At this point, the telecenter is not able to perceive themselves as business incubator for the people. The telecenter doesn’t have enough knowledge to able to see and to group people in accordance to its liability to develop further such as making the group a primary and other as people who already have more advance ability. The telecenter is also doesn’t have group of people who doesn’t have paddy field, they have to rent. For this people the program to implement agriculture is unsuitable because they have the risk to think about.


The women group faces a rather different problem, but mostly is a part of their dual or triple burden, as mother, caregiver, and resource person. Some of the women think that they are already too old to try new think such as the internet. For other the women think that it is too far away from their home, and because they have to wait for their change, and it needs more time. Some women is still have to take care of their infant children, for other the women is just too tired to go to the telecenter after their work. The telecenter is not trying to implement a group of just women in this program.


Photo 4. Women's learning group gathering for discussion,
as part of telecenter activities
   

There is a case of the farmer who produce crackers traditionally, who get a lot of order from the internet. This good news become the traumatic experience, because the farmer is unable to supply the demand. This good example is not thought by the management of the telecenter as a good way to increase the farmers income. The management of the telecenter is just think themselves as the service to people who want to use the computer and the internet and not yet think them as hub of  development program for the rural areas.

The most individual people who is going to the telecenter of their own is the students. They need the internet to do their school assignment and to learn to use computer. Although the students are also making a supporting group of their own, in order to the ‘new’ to this gadget learn to use the computer without losing their face. They need the group to push away their shyness. The group of students is also based on the female or male groups, it is a part of the Pabelan’s way to separate between male students to the female students. The computer is put in the public place and no private space is available, this is a part to prevent the computer users to open up porn web sites. The telecenter management.

Photo 5. Part of telecenter corner

At the time of the research the program is almost over and the management is trying to get donor to support the telecenter from dying. Although the people who already know the ICT is willing to pay, but it is not enough to be able to maintain the telecenter itself. The management is trying to contact the local government for financial support, to put the telecenter as part of government program. But this is also difficult because the local government have their own system and program of the ICT and the telecenter in not included in it. The telecenter is also become people’s expression of power relation. Some people doesn’t give attention, but for some who give attention, the telecenter is the power relationship it self. Who is perceived to be the ablest person to run the management is a part of political talk in everyday life.

To sum up the ICT as an advance technology for the rural people is a part of a big picture of social transformation. The process is happening individually, but not a part of a big picture. The government and the national implementer of the program always dreams to add more telecenters in rural areas even the remote area in Indonesia. They push the program, but only little concern is build to support the bigger picture of this scheme. People doesn’t discuss about the sociological necessary apparatus to support the program and doesn’t give enough attention to socio and cultural changes.

The Scheme of Poverty Reduction with the ICT

To study the ICT in Indonesia has to start with questioning what kind of society Indonesia is? The society will bring out specific context of how to view Indonesia’s society, it is a part a discussion of several theoretical aspect. The first aspect is to see the relationship of internet and democracy of Corrales. Corrales see type of country has some correlation with whether the existing countries endure economic problem and external pressure and with the existing of groups and people who support the internet community – the elite.

Corrales produce his theoretical explanation through this diagram. The diagram that show the important contribution of several agencies to the development of the internet. He shows in the external situation, such as the global context is important contribution to pressure the growing demand for the internet.

   
Diagram : Twin Peaks of Internet Access

 

The internal factors also play important contribution, such the economic crisis that prioritized food and welfare over internet. Indonesia as an example is still undergoing economic crisis, but luckily the political sphere is supporting the freedom of the press, that give support to the internet development. But Indonesia has some problem with the regulation that not yet supports the internet facility for most of the people. The most important reality of Indonesia is the existing of the big chunk of society categorized as unwired – people who is not attached to the internet. The existing elite and other civil society organization who use the internet is still very limited. Even for the civil society organization the problem is the cost of communication because internet connectivity is still considered as expensive items. Even though in the existing organization the internet is using as communication element and only a limited number is using it for advocacy and shared information to other people.

ICT for poverty reduction itself is a specific approach to eradicate poverty. The concept is an appealing one, but some people already realized on the meaning of the poverty in this context. Therefore the poverty can be seen as existing poverty but for other it also includes the poverty in the sense of communication.

The Scheme of ICT for Poverty Reduction
 


Poverty reduction framework illustrated by Franklin (Franklin from Harris:2006;97).

As the national implementer doesn’t say the meaning of the poverty therefore in ecery level there is different interpretation to the the scheme. The ICT for poverty reduction is a macro level program and it show coordination is an important element to its succes. The telecenter program however, is only a limited one and it also jump into the rural community without having some exercise to the coordination challenge. The yellow color represent stages being carried out and the green one represents stages not yet worked on.

From this diagram we can see that there are too many elements miss out in order to give full support to the poverty reduction scheme. The poverty reduction scheme is seen as problem of other people and not yet seen as our problem. There is an otherring process in the implementation and it also shows that the educated elite of Indonesia see poverty as their problem and not yet mine problem. In this otherring process, the national implementer can not see the need to eradicate the poverty is the need of the Indonesian society in general, because it is society which is considered as poor, although individually the person involved is a bit better that the rest of the society.

The green mark in the scheme shows the  weaknesses  of the support system of the scheme. The scheme is limited to the giving in the computer to some rural areas but it is not supported by the infrastructures and content provider that need by the scheme. The Pabelan telecenter is able to support themselves at this point because they are not to remote and they are backed up by the educational institution. There is a need already in the surrounding area, although the need is not yet focused on the poverty reduction in rural area.

The situation is made complex by the team, because the team add Third World communication and information with the local – national – global context. George Ritzer shows the differences of attitude and behaviour in the global and local systems is on the scheme below (Ritzer,2006:26):

Existence                                                Emptiness
Unique (one which is the same kind)          General (exchangeable)
Local geographic bound                            Lesser local bound
Spesific based on era                               Without time limit
Human                                                    Inhuman
Enchanting                                              Disappointing

This is a continuum between the existence and the emptiness which refer to local and global continuum. Ritzer understand the globalization as the growing of universal norm and value as specific  customs tend to spread as there is an connection across places which is then organized the  social life and influence the global awareness. The glocal concept perceived the relationship between the global in local context. Ritzer adds other concept such as grobalization to pin point the growth process of global items in local context, Ritzer see three items such as capitalism, Americanization, and McDonaldization as the main issu of grobalization.

Ritzer  sees the globalization as effect of the global impose it power to the local, and it is the power of the economy that play important element. This can be seen from the three example of Ritzer observation. To use Ritzer scheme in broader context, the ICT fro poverty reduction is also a part of the global influence. This can be detected quite obvious from the international scheme to push the more user of the internet. Such program is good in term of giving individual access to their ability and their own interest, but to see it from more skeptic level, the program can be regarded as difficult as Indonesia. according to Adriyanto the internet users is only eight percent of 220 million Indonesian, and of that  20-30% or 18-20 million people make their connection through satellite (Adriyanto:2007). Therefore in one part, Indonesia is a big market for the ICT and from other side, it shows hard work to make the internet a well running system, let alone the system to eradicate poverty.

To view the poverty reduction program with the ICT from this perspective is trying to judge whether the ICT for poverty reduction program is working program for Indonesia or whether Indonesia need to assest more sociological problem. To assest more in sociological program is to know what we lack and how to cover the social situation in a better planned program for the future.

The Lesson Learned from Saemaul Undong

This research is using the Saemaul Undong to reflect what we need in a working program. In terms of the number and the success of this program the Saemaul Undong is significant as a lesson learned from South to South. The other thing that the Saemaul Undong fit to this research is the perspective of this program to use top to bottom with participation of the rural community.

Indonesia has not yet cover form the economic recession of the 1998, and we see that many rural program is not working. Not only that, Indonesia is still struggling to recover but Indonesia has to endure the situation close to what is happening in the 1960’s. The people is queeing for cooking oil, rice, fuel. Not only that, people diet is depend on soy bean’ product such as tofu and tempe, and it is depended on export item. To see this social situation in term of  development ideology that works and of South to South lesson learned.

The Saemaul Undong program is top to bottom program such as that implemented by the Indonesian government. From the scheme of the Saemaul Undong we can learned how the program back up by not only a strong perspective but also an operational in the rural level. In the context of a program the Indonesian also use the similar approach that the Saemaul Undong use such as grouping of the people, cooperation scheme, therefore by seeing the Saemaul Undong  we can see what the Indonesian miss out in implementing our program.
 
To learned from the South is to show how some development works and other is not. Both the Korea and Indonesia have endured some political turmoil as well, therefore in term of similarity and dissimilarity of the two countries there are a lot to think about. From the scheme of the Saemaul Undong, the scheme is ready not only with the philosophy of the system but also how the system work in detail. The Saemaul Undong is also sensitive to how the people feel especially the feeling of being excluded. This feeling come from the situation where not all of the people involved in the project, and the people is play some part of the project. Because the Saemaul Undong is state project and back up purposely the project can include as many people possible.

The problem with the ICT for poverty reduction that implemented by the PePP is only a small project done by some choice, as the Pabelan is a choice by random. In the Pabelan as a rural compound the project is only able to support a small portion of the farmer. In this case the problem to be handled is already amounted to at least two big problem, the feeling of being excluded and the second is the problem how to teach the farmers to use the computer and the internet. To use the computer is a problem and to teach to access to information is another problem, not to mention the information is mostly in English.

The PePP progam is a small project therefore it is almost impossible to include all of the people. Therefore there is some draw back by design that the program can include all of the people, but the program is nor ready to disseminate the idea that the program is just the beginning. Hoping that the program could be maintained by the people themselves, is probably too much as they are characterized as unwired society. To be a wired society means also the shifting or additional knowledge that already imbedded in the system of thinking that would contribute to their need, somehow would support their contribution to the consumption of the computer and the internet. Therefore only a small part of the small grouping of the people would be willing to support the project but the income from their contribution is too small to support the system.

These small portion of the people is already have a need to connectivity, there are the seed of the wired society and it is of no surprise that most of them are students. They need more information to support their education and to broaden their knowledge. But the more important to be observed is how the people who run the program can be categorized as wired. They are the point of the program, therefore it is would be good that they understand and make the PePP as program to agriculture development. They act as the management that not quite involved with how to push the agro industry possible.

The management actually can be prospected themselves as business incubator for the agro industry based on  Pabelan. There is some prospect of the agro industry but the farmer is unable to supply the demand they get from the internet. The farmer is afraid as he doesn’t understand that it is the potential of the ICT to get more buyers. This situation should be a lesson learned that the agribusiness needs to change the social habits of the people. This is all of the drawback of the management because the management is not given information what could they do to fasten the system. This is something that could be learned from the Saemaul Undong, that makes the system sensitive to the market.

Photo 6 . Some of Pabelan's commodity from farming and crafting

The incubator business is something that not yet thought in advance. The PePP only target the farmer as unwired without understanding that the connectivity it should be  seen as problem of the community. From this information it seem that the farmer is only seen as target for the project and not see the community  as a whole to be the target of the program.

The Conclusion

It is like a juggler, a nation have to give attention either to external power such as the global program of ICT and internal interest such as to overcome poverty etc, and to try to sustain local genius. It is not an easy choice, especially in time of economic pressure such as now. But the world goes on and so is the society, and the ICT probably a mechanism to find out alternative way to reduce the poverty itself.

The ICT and many other programs is a part of global interest and poverty has become a global agenda that every countries are intricately involved. Somehow people would feel impose by this global agenda, knowing the drawback of the society itself, such as in this case the digital divide. To make the situation more complicated, the program focus on the rural area which have more degree of digital divide in comparison with the situation of the urban area. The wired society thesis has shown that most of the people who is tune in to the ICT is the elite group. A part of the society who is able to support the infrastructures to minimized the digital divide

This situation is acknowledged by the management of the program but there is nothing they can do, because program is always focused on the most remote or marginal in the society. Even though this is the challenge, the program and other similar project are still going on and increase in numbers. So this research is not to show the evaluation of such project but trying to show the bigger picture that supposed to be known before hand in order to find out strategic way to minimized the digital divide and to empower the people at large.

The research shows that external power is pushing to modernity understand by the few people who implemented the program. At this level, the people is well understand the situation and the element that should be think in advance. But there is the aura that the show must go on and the donor would only give attention to the most remote and marginal as a part of the poverty to be reduced. But it is more to the global interest that Indonesia is a part of it, as Indonesia has not enough time and energy to prepare the society at large to accept the program.

But this drawback is not something that should be an argument to push out the program. On the contrary the research show on what point that the program need other support to make this program works. The research is learning to see the program in a bigger picture using the Saemaul Undong experience as the top bottom program that works and from the experience of the success of the South in development. The research is also learned from the scheme of the ICT for poverty reduction program. This scheme is a complete and thorough scheme as it is not only how to bring computer as a material to the rural area that probably rarely seen or used the computer, but to put the program as a part of a network of other program as well. The ICT for poverty reduction show that the program is not only ready to support the material, but also it is ready to support the outcome of the program itself. Some of the things that is not yet think about by the PePP is to make the telecenter as an incubator business.

The telecenter as the incubator business is a part so important if the program is to increase the revenue of the people in the rural area. Especially important for Indonesia at his moment is to find out the potential that ready to go into the market. Some of the important items of people diet is depended upon the agriculture product from import, in time of the problem of economy it is important to be able to stand on our agriculture product. Some of the farmer in Pabelan is already receiving some demand through the internet, but he freak out because he can’t produce as much as the demand want. This is actually the first experience that should be supported by the telecenter management, because they are not just managing the computer and the connectivity but also as a bridge that the farmer need to increase the agriculture product. The whole scheme of the PePP in Pabelan is about the farmers but not yet seen as a whole package that produce a networking of production line.


Bibliography

Association for educational communications and technology. (1998). Information literacy standards for students learning: standards and indicators. [s.l.]: American Library Association.
Asosiasi APJII. (2005). Statistik APJII Updated Desember 2007. http://www.apjii.or.id/dokumentasi/statistik.php?lang=ind. Accessed on January, 2008.
Astar, H. (2005). “Matinya dunia cyberspace: kritik humanis Mark Slouka terhadap jagat raya”. Yogyakarta: LKIS.
Collins, J. and Blot, R.K. (2003). Literacy and literacies: texts, power, and identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cooke, A. (1999). A Guide to finding quality information on the internet: selection and evaluation strategies. London: Library Association.
Chao, J. (2004). “Final Question #2”, IS 203, Fall 2004, F. PDF sheet. http://dream.sims.berkeley.edu/~joshuach/203_1.pdf. Accessed on October 16, 2006.
“China to learn from Korea's New Village Movement (Saemaul Undong)”. style sheet. http://www.bankresearch.org/economicpolicyblog/2006/01/chna_to_learn_f.html. Accessed on 26 December 2006
Colle, R.D, and Roman, R. (2001). Modules for training Telecenters staffs: an interim report with sample modules. [s.l.]: International Telecommunication Union.
Corrales, J. (2003). “Pelajaran dari Amerika Latin”. In Demokrasi dan Internet, Kawan atau Lawan?, Simon D. Leslie, Javier Corrales, Donald R. Wolfensberger. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana.
Crow, M. (2005). “Indonesia: Telecenter Evaluation Report, Volume II.” World Bank, East Asia and Pacific Region, Rural Development and Natural Resources Sector, Report No. 33503-ID.
Dutton, W. H. (2004). “Social Transformation in an Information Society: Rethinking Access to You and the World”. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/. Accessed on September 6, 2006.
Diao, Ai Lien. (1996). “Metode penelitian kualitatif dalam penelitian tentang kebutuhan dan perilaku pemakai informasi”. In Prosiding seminar sehari layanan Pusdokinfo berorientasi pemakai di era informasi: pandangan akademisi dan praktisi. Depok: Program Studi Ilmu Perpustakaan, Program Pascasarjana, 17—28.
Dudziak, E.A. (2006). “Information literacy as an emancipatory process directed to social inclusion in a knowledge society”. Presented in World Library and Information Congress: 72nd IFLA General Conference and Council, 20 –24 August, Seoul. PDF file. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla72/index.htm. Accessed on 9 October 2006.
Ellis, D. (1993). “Modelling the information-seeking patterns of academic researchers: a grounded theory approach”. The Library Quarterly, 63 (4): 469—486.
Eisenberg, M., Lowe, C. dan Spitzer, K.. (2004). Information Literacy: Essential Skills for the Information Age, 2nd Edition. Connecticut: Libraries Unlimited.
“Empowering communities through non-formal learning: expanding equitable access/developing content”. (2006). PDF style. http://www.unescobkk.org/education/ict/v2/info.asp?id=15925. Accessed on October 9, 2006.
Ensiklopedi Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial. (2000). Jakarta: Gramedia.
Gahrial, Doni, dalam Kritik Feminisme terhadap Sains, Jurnal Perempuan, 18, 2001

Giddens, A. (2003). Runaway world, bagaimana globalisasi merombak kehidupan kita. Jakarta: Gramedia.
Hardjono, A. and Rachman, Z. (2006). “Developing new information culture: Telecentre’s proactive role at Indonesian villages”. Indian Telecentre Forum 2006 – India. PDF style. http://www.i4donline.net/indiantelecentreforum/presentation/day3/Zulfikar.pdf. Accessed on November 19, 2006.
Haryati. (2004). Chatting: cultural issue in digital divide, a case study of internet user in Jakarta. Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, University of Indonesia. Depok. Unpublished thesis.
Istiatun. (2005). “Telecenter e-Pabelan: Balai Informasi Berbasis Internet”. PDF style. http://www.ict4pr.org/sections/pepp/telecenter/Pabelan/dokumen/sections/pepp/telecenter/e-Pabelan/dokumen/presentasitelecenter-e/downloadFile/file/presentasiePabelan.pdf?nocache=1142503353.74 Accessed on November 19, 2006.
Kompas. “Telecenter Bappenas Juarai ADOC Awards”. May 5, 2006.
Leslie, S. D., Corrales, J., Wolfensberger, D.R. (2003). Demokrasi dan Internet, Kawan atau Lawan?. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana.
Lestari, N. (2001). Perilaku pencarian informasi di world wide web: studi kasus terhadap mahasiswa jurusan ilmu perpustakaan. Fakultas Sastra, University of Indonesia. Depok. Unpublished thesis.
Martin, F. (2006). “Suggested best practice for pursuing development and poverty reduction through ICT strategies”, Journal of Eastern Caribbean Studies, 31, 4, December 2006.
“Membangun Masyarakat Cerdas bersama Telkom”. Style sheet. http://www.telkom.net/ig2s.php. Accessed on October 9, 2006.
Muhammad, A. (2007). “Data Dasar Internet & Telekomunikasi Seluler Indonesia 2007”. Power Point sheet. www.slideshare.net/madriyanto/data-internet-seluler-indonesia-211602, accessed in 2007
Patridge, D. and Hussein, K.M. (1995). Knowledge-based information systems. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill.
“Peresmian Telecenter Salubomba di Desa Salubomba, Kec. Banawa, Kab. Donggala, Sulawesi Tengah”. Style sheet. http://www.ict4pr.org/sections/pepp/telecenter/salubomba.html. Accessed on October 15, 2006.
Pinch and Bijker. (1987). “The Social Construction of Facts and Artifacts”. PDF File. http://tecnologiaysociedad.uniandes.edu.co/200520/BijkeryPinch.pdf. Accessed on October 9, 2006.
Purbo, Onno, Filosofi Naif Kehidupan Dunia Cyber, Republika, 2003

Purwati and Zamzami. (2006). “Bridging the Digital Divide in Indonesia Through Telecenter.” Word style.http://see.nectec.or.th/cioapectel/PLEN_32%20TEL30%20HRDSG%20Summary%20report%20final%20vesion.doc. Accessed on 15 October 2006.
Pulungan, M. Sofyan, Pornography, the Internet, dan IETE Law Draft, http://ruuappri.blogsome.com/page/12/, accesed on January 2008
Partisipasi Pe-PP di World Summit on Information Society (WSIS), Tunis 2005, ed. 03-2005, pg.3,
       www.ict4pr.org
Ritzer, G. (2006). The Globalization of nothing: mengkonsumsi kehampaan di era globalisasi (terj.). Yogjakarta: Universitas Atma Jaya.
Rusdiah, Rudi, Multipurpose Community Internet Center, Grasindo, 2004

“Saemaoul Undong”. http://saemaul.com/english/background.asp. Accessed on December 26, 2006.
Salim, A. (2006). Teori dan Paradigma Penelitian Sosial: Buku Sumber untuk Penelitian Kualitatif, Second Edition. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana. 
Sang-Bok Han. (2006). “The Role of Endogenous Culture in Socio-Economic Development of Korea”. Style sheet. http://ignca.nic.in/cd_05011.htm.  Accessed on December 26, 2006.
Sassen, S. (2002). “Towards a sociology of information technology.” Current Sociology, May 2002, 3, h. 365—388.
Satria, A. ”Korea”. HTM style sheet. http://www.beritaiptek.com/zkolom-beritaiptek-2006-0217%2006:53:30-Korea.shtml. Accessed on 26 December 2006.
Slouka, M. (1999). War of the worlds: Cyberspace and the high-tech assault on reality. Jakarta: Mizan.
Somantri, Gumilar Rusliwa. (2003). “Towards Democracy Beyond Societies: A Study of Internet Practices in Indonesia Politics, in Indrajit Banerjee (ed), Rhetoric and Reality: The Internet Challenge for Democracy in Asia, Singapore: Eastern Universities.
_____. (2005). ”Membebaskan Ilmu Sosial dari Keterperangkapan Ganda”, in Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Politik Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Gajah Mada, Vol.9, Number 2, November 2005
Spitzer, K. S., Eisenberg, M. B., & Lowe, C. A. (1998). Information literacy: Essential skills for the information age. Syracuse, NY: ERIC Clearinghouse on Information & Technology.
Sulfikar, A. (2003). “Masalah Teknologi di Dunia Ketiga”. Pikiran Rakyat, 24 Juli 2003.
_____ Demokrasi dan Teknologi: http://www.theindonesianinstitute.org/gdemo02.htm, accessed in
        2004).
Tempo. “Revolusi di Ujung Cangkul”. Rubrik Teknologi dan Informasi. May 7, 2006, p. 30.
The National Council of Semaul Undong Movement in Korea. (2006). “What is Semaul Undong”. HTML style sheet. http://www.saemaul.com/english/background.asp, accessed on November 2006).
Tracking Technology Controversy, (http://place.typepad.com/digitalcommons/2005/08/index.html ). Accessed on December 26, 2006.
Warschauer, M. (2002). “Reconceptualizing the digital divide.” HTML style. http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_7/warschauer/index.html. Accessed on October 9, 2006.
Wickens, C. (1992). Engineering psychology and human performances. New York: Harper Collins.
Williams, P. (2006). “Exploring the challenges of developing digital literacy in the context of special educational needs communities.” PDF style.http://www.ics.heacademy.ac.uk/italics/vol5-1/pdf/Williams_final.pdf. Accessed on October 9, 2006.
Wilson, T.D. (2001). “Recent trends in user studies: action research and qualitative methods”. HTML style sheet. Http://www.shef.ac.uk/~is/publications/infres/paper76.html. Accessed on 3 April 2001.
Wilson, T.D. (2002). “The Nonsense of 'knowledge management'”. Information Research, Vol. 8 No. 1, October.
Yin, R. K. (1981). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. London: Sage Publication.
Zaleski, J. (1999). Spiritualitas Cyberspace. Bandung: Mizan.

Prof.Dr. der Soz.Gumilar Rusliwa Somantri

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for poverty reduction is part of alleviation of poverty scheme attached to some of Third World Country like Indonesia. Poverty is a part of social problem, although is some level that is the face people try to hide. Therefore there are in abundance people seek some understanding of the poverty itself. But the real problem would be, whether the stigma that comes with poverty would be faced with grace. This is the impression this team try to deal with the rereading Pabelan’s telecenter as a part of poverty reduction scheme.

There are a lot of challenges faced by Indonesian’s society to deal with the ICT. In general, we know that it is still a limited access to get to ICT especially the internet, except when the place is situated near a university. Let alone that the place is in rural area, therefore we have a heap of curiosity to know how is the appropriation of ICT in Indonesia and in rural area to be specific. We come to understand not only about the ICT appropriation through the internet but also what is happening to our society and what its challenges in the future.

Pabelan is a name of the pesantren or an Islamic religious school but also representing an example of rural area in Indonesia. It is in Java island that is assumed to be a better social position . In reality, Pabelan is still try to grasp its own social position vis a vis poverty. To some it is not so poor, but in general it is also not easy to say that it is better that the other places. It is because Indonesia is still not yet move from the 1998’s economic crisis. The ICT for poverty reduction is to some a somewhat magic word to be able to cope with the crisis.

Internet is magic in itself to the rural community that they are able to say the differences between internet and television in term of information. The internet is for the person who try to use the internet. It shows the ability of technology appropriation of the rural persons, and somehow the farmers are quite enthusiastic to try and to use it. Consider most of them are not computer users. At present the internet introduction to the rural people have contribute to the growing ‘internet users’ group among them. In fact it is still school children from the pesantren who get introduced with the proper use of the internet for school works. And of course the audience is intrigue but at the same time wanted to know about the existence of pornographic stuff in the internet.

The internet is also magic because it adds to a more complex social relationship among the people. It is a new portal to the zone of knowledge and power and also a possibility. It is the virtual door, a door who gives other view to the social situation they used to have. They need help, for the continuation of the program is important to grow their hope for the future.

But it is a magic itself, so far the government has tried the e gov program in several areas, and the ICT is a part of their program. But it is about power and the telecenter is caught in between, but the telecenter is not recognized as ‘local government’ initiatives. There is some reluctant to include the existence of the telecenter in Pabelan as a part of public utilities need to be supported by the local government.

The other things that this team try to support is the scheme South to South lesson learned, how to learn from the experience of other South’s program that works. Probably to some it is incomparable to learn from the success of the South success, but we need to study how the Saemaul Undong is able to support the increase of economic success. The Saemaul Undong give social practice how to make the system work, and from the experience of its success, we can learn the weak points of the ICT for poverty reduction in Indonesia.

Therefore the process of research has given us intellectual exercise to see from some perspective – the global – the national and the local and how it affects the ICT in progress. The perspective give is alternative way to see the poverty problem and how it’s stigmatized the society. In return the stigmatized poverty has made us think poverty is the problem of persons who have difficulty in their lively hood. But in reality it is trapped us into thinking partially and not seeing it as a system of the whole society. Poverty is problem for every people in Indonesia and not just a problem for some people.

This research shows that what is needed at the present is to support the content provider to support the need of the persons in the rural areas to anticipate  the rural agricultural production’s need. Most of the content providers available is in English, a global existence that should be considered important. But at the present moment we have to open our perspective to be able to see the power position of the society in terms of the global influence. It is to be kept in our mind that what we have learned so far is to enrich our understanding and to find out the way to work the system, as the Korea is able to do with the Saemaul Undong.  

Much gratitude to the TJ Co Park Foundation who supports this research and bring to us South to South relationship. To be specific it is a support group for Asian that help the understanding of our selves become important items. This research is a part of the University of Indonesia vision to be the research university. The University of Indonesia as one of the historical important university in Indonesia wants to support more experience to have international collaborative and international relationship.

This research is a first step to more research on social aspect of ICT, especially from the social and political sciences in the University of Indonesia. Since the research of the social and cultural aspect of technology is still limited in comparison with the research of technology of ICT. By doing so, this kind is also a research of social change in Indonesia. The first chapter is a description of the perspectives to view the ICT for poverty reduction. The second chapter is the appropriation process of the Pabelan’s community. The third chapters on the other hand is showing how the bureaucratic in village level and the national level perceive this program. This chapter is also tracking the process of how the people use group approach to introduce the new technology to the rural area. The fourth chapter is a reflection of the field with the perspectives and also with the lesson learned from the Saemaul Undong. This is a sociological aspect of the appropriation and the implementation of ICT and poverty reduction. In this part, the team uses the Saemaul Undong as a program fully described the relationship of the global, national and local context and its works. By using this reflection, the team is trying to show the gap that need to be filled for the success of this program in Indonesia.

Peneliti Utama
Prof. Dr. der Soz. GUMILAR RUSLIWA SOMANTRI

Peneliti:
Dr.WIDJAJANTI SANTOSO
HARYATI, M.Si

Abstrak

Para buruh migran perempuan Indonesia yang bekerja di Hong Kong banyak yang melek teknologi, terutama teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Hal ini merupakan imbas dari dinamika masyarakat Hong Kong yang sangat memerhatikan teknologi. Akses internet di negara itu sangat memadai. Ini tampak misalnya dari akses poin atau warung internet yang mudah ditemui di tengah keramaian. Selain perpustakaan, akses poin, dan warung internet dapat dijumpai di mana-mana. Kegiatan-kegiatan yang terkait internet telah menjadi, mengutip Bourdieu, social practice bagi masyarakat Hong Kong.

Kondisi ini memberikan dorongan bagi banyak buruh migran perempuan Indonesia untuk membuka diri berinteraksi menggunakan fasilitas internet seperti email, mailing list, chatting bahkan blog. Para buruh migran perempuan yang ketika di tanah air tidak memiliki pengetahuan tentang teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, mulai dapat memanfaatkan beragam fasilitas yang ada. Mereka menggunakannya untuk hal-hal yang bersifat ringan sampai berat. Dari mulai sekadar bertegur sapa, menulis puisi, cerpen sampai pada persoalan memperjuangkan dan mengorganisasi diri mereka agar memperoleh hak-haknya. Yang menarik, kebanyakan buruh migran perempuan Indonesia di negara itu memiliki alamat e-mail.

Sayangnya, fenomena ini jarang diteliti. Padahal kegiatan ini dapat mendorong aktivitas sosial. Dalam kaitannya dengan sosiologi mikro, internet memberikan peluang bagi individu untuk berinteraksi dengan orang lain melalui interface (antarmuka). Internet memberikan kemungkinan bagi individu yang memiliki keterbatasan ruang untuk mengetahui dunia yang lebih luas dalam hitungan detik. Terkait dengan buruh migran yang tidak dapat meninggalkan rumah majikannya dalam waktu tertentu dan tidak memiliki kemudahan dalam interaksi dengan orang banyak, fasilitas ini sangat membantu. Internet bagi buruh migran merupakan outlet (saluran) untuk ekspresi dirinya sekaligus juga memperlihatkan identitasnya, karena Internet memberi kemungkinan bagi manusia untuk berinteraksi walaupun badannya ‘terperangkap’ oleh tempat dan waktu yang terbatas.

Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang bagaimana buruh migran perempuan itu mengatasi hambatan teknologi dan atmosfer kerja namun tetap dapat mencipta karya sastra. Bagaimana mereka, yang dianggap marginal secara pendidikan, melalui mekanisme komunitas cyber, mampu mengakses internet dan mengalami lompatan ruang dan digital. Selain itu penelitian ini juga ingin mengetahui dan memahami pergulatan nilai, idealisme, dan budaya yang dialami buruh migran perempuan kita ketika berhadapan dengan media teknologi, informasi, dan komunikasi yang baru, dan strategi mereka dalam memperoleh, mengubah, memodifikasi ruang sosiologis mereka di media yang sebelumnya asing bagi mereka.

Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan studi kasus pada buruh migran perempuan Indonesia di Hong Kong. Pada studi kasus untuk penelitian ini, fokus utama ada tiga. Pertama, para blogger (atau mantan) yang merupakan buruh migran di Hong Kong. Kedua, blogger lain yang mengunjungi blog mereka, dan ketiga kelompok atau individu di luar komunitas maya seperti penerbit, sastrawan, dan pihak-pihak lain yang peduli yang bersama-sama melakukan proses dialog untuk saling memberdayakan diri. Data akan dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam (indepth interview) melalui chatting, dan secara langsung face to face di Hong Kong. Selain itu digunakan pendekatan analisis wacana pada karya-karya sastra atau blog mereka.

(Didanai oleh Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (DRPM) UI untuk RUUI-Utama periode 2008 )

Project Director:
Prof. Dr. der Soz. GUMILAR RUSLIWA SOMANTRI

Researchers:
Dr.WIDJAJANTI SANTOSO

NIKEN LESTARI, M.Si

HARYATI, M.Si

Research Objectives

Theoretically, this research attempts on the analysis of information technology based on sociology point of view and this is the essence of telecenter program. Moreover, we also want to view the social construction in terms of information and communication technology in the location where the program has taken place.

Particularly, this research attempts on:

§         Over viewing the point of view of village community responding the social construction offered by sponsors, non government organizations, and government,

§         Over viewing the contradiction of value and belief as well as ideology and culture in society when they face the new information and communication technology media, and

§         Over viewing the community strategy in gaining, altering, and modification their sociology space in a new media that they did not recognize before.

(Dibiayai oleh Posco. Tj. Park Foundation, Korea)